Introduction PTFE, a high-performance fluorinated thermoplastic, is valued for its heat resistance, chemical inertness, UV protection,...

1. Introduction With increasing urbanization and the need for sustainable water use, greywater treatment has become critical in residential settings, especially in large-scale apartments. Greywater, which is wastewater from handwashing, bathing, and other domestic activities (excluding toilets), often contains microplastics and other contaminants. These particles are difficult to remove and can cause environmental harm if greywater is reused for irrigation or other non-potabl